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Pant, P. D.
- Neotectonic Movements in the Loharkhet Area, District Almora, Kumann Fiimalaya
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 002, IN
2 Department of Civil Engg., Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi 221005, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 002, IN
2 Department of Civil Engg., Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi 221005, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 39, No 3 (1992), Pagination: 245-253Abstract
Thrusts, fold axes and fault zones in the Loharkhet area in the northern part of Almora district in Uttar Pradesh, record reactivation during Neogene times. Several alluvial and colluvial deposits in the area are being vertically and horizontally offset, and tilted by active folding and faulting. The recent movements along the Ravetiganga overturned anticline and Dulam Gadhera- and Vongarh-Gason-faults have not only uplifted the Nasati-Rithabagar block by about 103 m, but have shifted also the original confluence of the Sarju and Ravetiganga rivers by 11 km southwestward.
The ESE-flowing Gurkhula Gad and Mehar Gad streams have been deflected towards SSE direction by the recent strike-slip movements along the Kaphlikot-Ramari Fault. The Ramari landslides fan has been displaced vertically by 3 m along this fault. Terraced toe of the colluvial cone of the Badiyakot landslide has been displaced dextrally and uplifted by 18 m along the NNW-SSE striking Ghatia Gad Fauh.
The geomorphic expressions of the various tectonic zones indicate both vertical and strike-slip displacements. Rejuvenation of the earlier mature terrain is borne out by topographic changes that have taken place in the recent past. The topographic development indicates continuing uplift in some sections of Vaikrita (MC) Thrust and Berinag Thrust and the zone of the Ravetiganga overturned anticline. Relatively higher rate of uplift is observed for the MCT zone.
Keywords
Neotectonism, Geomorphology, Kumaun Himalaya.
- Malpa Rockfalls of 18 August 1998 in the Northeastern Kumaun Himalaya
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, The Durham, Nainital 263 002, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, The Durham, Nainital 263 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 415-420Abstract
This paper presents the case history of Malpa rockfall of 18 August 1998, which has claimed a toll of 250 lives, including 60 pilgrims in transit camp, under the shadow of Malpa peak, 40 km north of Dharchula. The slope failure which caused the rockfall was aggravated by high angle of hillslope (78°), conducive conditions of bedrock, particularly enlarged joint space and proximity to the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which has been affected by neotectonic movements in the recent past. High frequency of discontinuities have severely deteriorated the stability of hillslopes and their safety factor 'F' has been reduced to 0.114. The rockfall vector shows a close parallelism with the geometrically determined wedge failure responsible for rockfalls.
The rockfall occurred in the metaquartzites of Pandukeshwar Formation of Vaikrata Group. Freezing and thawing due to snow and swelling action of rainwater had built up shearing stresses to a level that exceeded the shearing resistance of the slope, forming weathered metaquartzites along with interbedded sericite quartzite and a thin veneer of regolith along most vulnerable and weakest surface. Massive rockfall took place following incessant rains and cloud burst which widened the enlarged joints, particularly the joint pattern in the N45°W/80° SE direction including NW-SE trending bedrock. A number of trees and dead bodies were washed away due to the bursting of the debris dam across Malipa Gad and Kali river affecting nearly two sq. km area at Malpa.
Keywords
Geomorphology, Neotectonics, Rockfall, Kumaun Himalaya.- Tectonic Geomorphology of a Part of Bilaspur Region, SW Himachal Pradesh
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttaranchal, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttaranchal, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 69, No 5 (2007), Pagination: 909-915Abstract
Morphometric parameters such as drainage, sinuosity character, gradient index (GI), Pseudo Hypsometric Integral (PSI), and longitudinal profile of the Satluj River and its tributary the Ali Khad have helped in delineating the NNW-SSE trending Ali Khad fault. Movements along this fault are manifest in the development of unpaired terraces, triangular fault facets, deep gorges and fault breccias. Normal faulting has been observed in the Quaternary sediments which reflect recent movements. Digital Elevation Model is proposed.Keywords
Neotectonics, Digital Elevation Model, Bilaspur, Lesser Himalaya.- Geomorphological and Geological Investigation of Neotectonic Activity of Saryu River Fault (SRF), a Part of North Almora Thrust (NAT) in Seraghat-Basoli Area in Central Kumaun, Uttaranchal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, ltanagar - 791 113, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, ltanagar - 791 113, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 70, No 5 (2007), Pagination: 815-823Abstract
Significant evidences of neotectonic activity have been observed in Seraghat-Basoli area along the Saryu river valley in the Central Kurnaun Lesser Himalaya. The geomorphic and structural features indicate that the Saryu River Fault (SRF) in the area has displaced North Almora Thrust(NAT) and is still active. The tectonic rejuvenation of the NAT and SRF has resulted in the development and deformation of tectonic landforms such as unpaired terraces, tectonic flats, fault scarps and triangular cones and facets. The strike slip movement along the SRF fault has resulted not only straightening of the Saryu river course but the course has also been shifted from NW-SE to almost N-S direction, particularly between Naichan and Seri. The uplift of fluvial terraces by 44 mat Nali and deposition of almost 3 5 m thick siltymud and silt the beginning of the deposition of levee flood plain at Ara suggests that the area is tectonically active Shifting river courses, stretching and straightening of river channels and the levee flood plain depositional environment indicate that the neotectonic activity in controlling this domain of NAT.Keywords
North Almora Thrust, Saryu River Fault, Neotectonics, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttaranchal.- Geomorphic Evidences of Neotectonic Movements in Dharchula Area, Northeast Kumaun: A Perspective of the Recent Tectonic Activity
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital- 263 002, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Northeast Unit, Itanagar - 791 113, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital- 263 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 67, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 92-100Abstract
The northeastern Kumaun part of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is seismotectonically one of the most active segments of the Central Himalaya. The major as well as minor thrusts and faults in Dharchula and its environs are neotectonically quite active and as such their movements have made this region vulnerable to landslides. Dharchula and its environs have been affected by number of earthquakes. The recent tectonic movements along these thrusts and faults are expressed in the geomorphic rejuvenation of the terrain such as entrenched meandering, river courses characterized by deep gorges, unusual widening of the river valleys, formation of the palaeolakes, deflection of rivers, and offsetting of the river terraces. Abrupt deflection of Kali river course from general flowage i.e. NNE-SSW to E-W is observed, which reflect the rejuvenated movements of the faults. Reactivation of the fault has resulted in the formation of six levels of terraces in Gathibagar. Relicts of lacustrine deposits formed due to abrupt changes in the drainage regime are also observed along Jauljibi-Dharchula section.Keywords
Neotectonics, Episodic Uplift, Seismotectonics, Terraces, Northeastern Kumaun, Uttaranchal.- Amiya Landslide in the Catchment of Gaula River, Southern Kumaun, Uttaranchal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Eastern Unit, Itanagar. Arunachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Eastern Unit, Itanagar. Arunachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 65, No 3 (2005), Pagination: 291-295Abstract
The southern hills of Kumaun in [he proximity of the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) are prone to recurrent landslides. The slope failures are related to steeper angle of hillslope, extent and type of vegetation. structural condition of bedrock, and neotectonism of the MBT. This paper presents the case history of the Amiya landslide of I I July 1999, which has claimed 22 lives. including 2 persons in a place 20 km northeast of Kathgodarn in Kumaun. The slope failure was related to structural conditions of bedrock, particularly five sets of joint spacing and the proximity to the MBT, which has been affected by neotectonic movements In the recent past. The large number of structures a discontinuities have diminishethde stability of the Siwalik hill slopes, reducing the safety factor to 0.412. The landslip vector has a close parallel ism with the geometrically determined wedge failures responsible for the landslide.Keywords
Landslide Study, Gaula River Catchment, Southern Kumaun, Uttaranchal.- Seismic Hazard Estimation in Northeastern Kumaun Himalayas
Abstract Views :172 |
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Authors
Ajay Paul
1,
P. D. Pant
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 61, No 4 (2003), Pagination: 477-482Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Evidences of Active Deformation in the Northwestern Part of Almora, in Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: A Geomorphic Perspective
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nanital, Uttarakhand, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nanital, Uttarakhand, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 72, No 3 (2008), Pagination: 353-364Abstract
The Geomorphic structures in the North Almora Thrust zone (NATZ) have been analyzed to understand active deformation in the North Almora Thrust zone (NATZ). The NAT is an active structure of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, extending west from Kali valley to Ramganga valley. The present study is taken up with the help of Toposheet Digital Elevation Modelling (DEM) and field observations. The NNW-SSE trending tectonic features such as the Ramganga River Fault, NW-SE Gagas River Fault and NNW-SSE Saryu River Fault are active structures in this region. The Morphometric analysis has been carried out using survey of India Topsheet (1 50 000). The longitudinal valley profile shows steep slope along the knick points showing high Gradient Index (GI) value. The steep slope along knick points could be probably due to movement along faults/thrust passing through the area. Geomorphic features related to active tectonic e.g. uplifted terraces, wide and straight river course abrupt termination of broad river valley into narrow gorges and laulting in the unconsolidated sediment. These landforms suggesting the area between Someshwar Lodh-Gagas is active and rejuvenating in recent time.Keywords
Rejuvenation, Active Tectonic, Longitudinal Valley Profile, DEM, Kumaun Himalaya.- The Role of Fluids in the Formation of Talc Deposits of Rema Area, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya
Abstract Views :184 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 253 002, IN
1 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 253 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 73, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 237-248Abstract
Talc deposits of Rema area in the Kumaun Inner Lesser Himalaya are hosted within high magnesium carbonates of the Proterozoic Deoban Formation. These deposits occur as irregular patches or pockets mainly within magnesite bodies, along with impurities of magnesite, dolomite and clinochlore. Textures represent different phases of reactions between magnesite and silica to produce talc. Petrography, XRD and geochemistry reveal that the talc has primarily developed at the expense of magnesite and silica, leaving dolomite largely un-reacted. Early fluid inclusions in magnesite and dolomite associated with talc are filled with H2O+NaCl+KCl± MgCl2 ± CaCl2 fluids, which represent basin fluid system during diagenesis of carbonates. Their varied degree of re-equilibration was although not pervasive but points to increased burial, and hence requires careful interpretation. H2O-CO2 fluid with XCO2 between 0.06 and 0.12 was equilibrated with talc formation. The reaction dolomite+quartz → talc was not extensive because T-XCO2 was not favourable, and talc was developed principally after magnesite+quartz.Keywords
Talc, Fluid Inclusions, Re-Equilibration, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya.- Development of Transverse Fault along North Almora Thrust, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India: A Study Based on Field and Magnetic Fabrics
Abstract Views :218 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital - 263 002, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 429-448Abstract
Along the North Almora Thrust (NAT) in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, a zone of mylonitic rocks has developed due to strain localization during the tectonic emplacement of the Almora Nappe over the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. This zone is referred here as the NAT zone (NATZ) that is dissected by faults, which are transverse to the Himalayan orographic trend and are known as seismically active structures. Trending NNW-SSE these are the Chaukhutiya and Raintoli faults. Two E-W oriented subsidiary brittle faults across the Chaukhutiya Fault are also recognized. Based on the field study and magnetic fabric analysis an attempt has been made to evaluate the deformation and kinematic history of northeastern margin of the Almora Nappe superposed by the Chaukhutiya faulting that coincides with northeastern margin of the NAT. Field study reveals brittle-ductile and brittle regimes of deformation along the Chaukhutiya Fault. Away from the NAT variable attitudes (E-W or ENE-WSW with gentle dip) of field foliation and axial planes of folds are observed, whereas at and near the NAT the attitudes of beds, including curved lithounits, are steeply dipping and are oriented parallel with the NNW-SSE trending NAT. Curvature in fold hinge line and discontinuous occurrence of lithounits are observed along the fault.
Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) study of the rocks was carried out. It reveals that the anisotropy is controlled mostly by paramagnetic minerals, whereas ferromagnetic minerals have played a minor role. High temperature demagnetization through hysteresis curves has yielded negligible contribution of ferromagnetic minerals. The steep magnetic foliation is interpreted to be on account of NE-SW oriented progressive regional compression. Moreover, the magnetic foliation is inferred to represent a secondary foliation due to superimposition on primary foliation. Analyses of AMS and structural data indicate that the Chaukhutiya Fault has a strike-slip right lateral displacement including rotational component. AMS results reveal high anisotropy value (Pj) at the surface trace of the NAT and low anisotropy (Pj) away from it. Variable style of deformation is observed along the transverse fault length.
Keywords
Almora Nappe, North Almora Thrust, Chaukhutiya Fault, Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility.References
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- Landslides and Neotectonic Activities in the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) Zone: Southeastern Kumaun, Uttarakhand
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan - 382 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, IN
3 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Raisan - 382 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, IN
3 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 80, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 101-110Abstract
Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone is constituted of some of the landslide prone areas in southeastern part of Kumaun Sub-Himalaya. Role of landslides as natural hazard and hill slope modifying agent is well documented from various part of Himalayan region and southern hills of Kumaun particularly in the MBT zone, which are susceptible to various type of mass movement. The rocks making up the slopes has been put to a number of brittle deformation phases during the movement along the MBT, and are traversed by number of joint sets. In the open slope these intersecting joint sets forms wedges and are the most favorable site for initiation of rockfalls and other types of landslides. Landslides are taking place primarily due to high angle slopes, formation of structural wedges along the free steep slopes, sheared nature of the rocks due to proximity to the MBT and neotectonic activities along the MBT and other transverse faults. Wedge failure is a common type of landslides in rock slopes characterized by multiple joints and acts as sliding planes for the failed blocks. Field observations and wedge failure analysis indicates most of the landslides taking place in MBT zone of Kumaun Sub-Himalaya are joint controlled. Safety Factor analysis suggests MBT zone of Kumaun Sub-Himalayan region is prone to landslides and related mass movements. This zone is also neotectonically active as indicated by various geomorphic signatures such as structurally controlled drainage pattern, offsetting of fan by MBT and formation of number of small lakes.Keywords
Landslide, Wedge Failure, Friction Angle, Safety Factor, Siwalik Kumaun Sub-Himalaya, Uttarakhand.References
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